How-tos (Some useful Linux tips)

Convert all wav files to flac files in a folder

for i in *.wav; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "$i".flac ; done

for f in *.flac; do flac -cd "$f" | lame -b 320 - "${f%.*}".mp3; done

for i in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec libx265 -crf 28 "${i%.*}_compressed.mp4"; done

for i in *.mov; do ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec libx265 -crf 28 "${i%.*}_compressed.mp4"; done

sudo apt install libheif-examples
for file in *.heic; do heif-convert "$file" "${file/%.heic/.jpg}"; done

totem "$(ls -R | shuf -n1)"

gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/default \
    -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -dDetectDuplicateImages \
    -dCompressFonts=true -r150 -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf

After upgrading to Ubuntu 22.04 I had some issue to read some video files (Totem crash at startup, display the error “The specified movie could not be found” or open the video with a strange format. I did install the Intel non-free drivers to solve this issue:

sudo apt install intel-media-va-driver-non-free ubuntu-restricted-extras

# remove lrc files
find -type f -name "*.lrc" -delete
# remove .DS_Store files
find -type f -name ".DS_Store" -delete

fdupes -rdN .

tar -zxvf file.tar.gz

tar -xvjf file.tar.bz2 

find . -type d -delete

find . -iname "*.mp3" -print

curl -4 -o /dev/null http://bouygues.testdebit.info/100M.iso

curl -o /tmp/temp.iso https://bouygues.testdebit.info/100M.iso
curl -4 -o /dev/null -F "filecontent=@/tmp/temp.iso" http://bouygues.testdebit.info

host myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.com

sudo netstat -antp

who

sudo slay user_name

sudo ufw status verbose

sudo iftop -i enp9s0

ssh user@host -XC application

ftpasswd --passwd --name=bob --uid=1001 --home=/home/bob --shell=/bin/false

ncftp -u username -p apssword ftp://ftpperso.free.fr/dir/

sudo ncftpput -R -u username ftpperso.free.fr / /dir_to_copy/*

sudo lshw | more

sudo dmidecode

sudo lscpu

upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0

wavemon

sudo glances --enable-plugin sensors

cpufreq-info

sudo journalctl --since "2023-01-01" | grep temperature

sudo powertop

sudo chkrootkit

sudo gt5

//check current kernel
uname -r
//check if list of old kernels is correct 
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]'
//purge old kernels
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

sudo smartctl -A /dev/sda

sudo hdparm -y /dev/sdb

sudo hdparm -C /dev/sdb

sudo hdparm -B /dev/sdb

60 = 5×60 = (5 minutes)

sudo hdparm -B60 /dev/sdb

Install cifs/nfs

sudo apt install nfs-common
sudo apt install cifs-utils

brsaneconfig4 -a name=(name your device) model=(model name) ip=xx.xx.xx.xx

https://support.brother.com/g/b/downloadhowto.aspx?c=us_ot&lang=en&prod=dcp7055w_us_eu_as&os=128&dlid=dlf006645_000&flang=4&type3=566

Get SSH banned IP

fail2ban-client status sshd

• Live statistics

tail -f access.log | goaccess -

• Using single log file

goaccess access.log

• Using all log files (including .gz files)

zcat -f access.log* | goaccess -

• Date ranges

sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d 'last week')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a -
sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d 'last month')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a - 
sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d '1 month ago')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a - 
sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d '1 week ago')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a - 
sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d 'yesterday')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a - 
sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d 'today')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

goaccess access.log -o /var/www/html/report.html --log-format=COMBINED --real-time-html

awk '{print $9}' access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn

cd /var/log/nginx/
awk '($9 ~ /404/)' access.log | awk '{print $7}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn

awk -F\" '($2 ~ /\.(jpg|gif)/ && $4 !~ /^https:\/\/eolienne\.f4jr\.org/){print $4}' access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort

awk '/Jan\/2024/ {print $1};' access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -20

awk 'BEGIN{ PROCINFO["sorted_in"]="@val_num_desc" }
     { a[$1]++; b[$1]+=$10 }
     END{ 
         for(i in a) { if(++c>10) break; printf "IP: %s: ",i ; system(sprintf("numfmt --to=iec-i %s",b[i])) ; } 
     }' access.log

sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

sudo mysql -uroot -p
GRANT LOCK TABLES, SELECT, RELOAD ON *.* TO 'backup'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'PASSWORD';

/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqldump.cnf

mysql -p -u root
 
CREATE DATABASE db_name;
 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db_name.* TO 'db_user'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql -p -u root -D db_name

SHOW TABLES ;

Installation of Airplay in Ubuntu 22.04 with Pulse Audio

• https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/paprefs/+bug/1871899?comments=all

# Airplay ability 
sudo apt install pulseaudio build-essential paprefs git pulseaudio-module-raop intltool libjack0 pavucontrol pulseaudio-module-zeroconf
 
#bug pulseaudio 
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/pulse-16.1+dfsg1/ /usr/lib/pulse-16.1
pactl load-module module-raop-discover

Discover Airplay in Ubuntu 22.10 with PipeWire

sudo vi /etc/pipewire/pipewire.conf

Add the following line to load module inside the context.modules = [ section

{ name = libpipewire-module-raop-discover }

sudo apt install libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly libdvd-pkg
sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

pihole -up

Move the Dock 'Show Applications' button at top

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-apps-at-top true

Move the windows control button to the left

gsettings set  org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout 'close,minimize,maximize:'

• Raspberry Pi : https://www.raspberrypi.org/ - Tiny computer
• Pi-Hole : https://pi-hole.net - Ad blocking using DNS - With DNSCrypt-Proxy
• Firefox : https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/ - The Web Browser
• Bitwarden : https://bitwarden.com/open-source/ - Password manager
• MoodeAudio : http://www.moodeaudio.org/ - Audiophile-quality music playback
• HifiBerry : https://www.hifiberry.com/ - Audio additional boards for Rpi
• OpenHAB : https://www.openhab.org/ - Smart Home
• DD-WRT : https://dd-wrt.com/ - Free your router
• Ubuntu : https://ubuntu.com/ - Linux distribution
• Shelly : https://www.shelly.com/en-fr - Smart Home Automation
• Nicotine+ : https://nicotine-plus.org/ - Soulseek is not dead
• Kodi : https://kodi.tv/ - Media Centre
• NGINX : https://www.nginx.com/ - Web Server
• Amplify : https://amplify.nginx.com - Web Server Monitoring
• VideoLAN : https://www.videolan.org/ - Powerful media player
• Waze : https://www.waze.com/ - GPS